Net Present Value and Papa Geo - 3096 Words

Papa Geo’s – Restaurant Budget Proposal For 2012 - 2017 BUSN-278 [Term] Professor[name] DeVry University ------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Section | Title | Subsection | Title | Page Number | 1.0 | Executive summary | | | | 2.0 | Sales Forecast | | | | | | 2.1 | Sales Forecast | | | | 2.2 | Methods and Assumptions | | 3.0 | Capital Expenditure Budget | | | | 4.0 | Investment Analysis | | | | | | 4.1 | Cash flows | | | | 4.2 | NPV Analysis | | | | 4.3 | Rate of Return Calculations | | | | 4.4 | Payback Period Calculations | | 5.0 | Pro Forma Financial Statements | | | | | | 5.1 | Pro Forma Income Statement | | | | 5.2 |†¦show more content†¦Also, teething problems with marketing, operations etc might not lead to optimum sales. Therefore, we will project only 60% of this figure as first year sales and use the estimated figure as the sales figure for Year 2. Over the planning period, starting from Year 2 onwards, sales are expected to grow at a rate of 3.9% every year, in line with industry estimates of the average growth of the restaurant industry in the US (Source: Mintel Internati onal, cited in section 6.0). * * 2.2 Methods and Assumptions * * According to the brief given on Papa Geo’s restaurant, there are about 10,000 families living within 15 minutes of the restaurant. Of these, between 3% and 5% are rich households (Phoenix marketing international, Wikipedia) and it is assumed that another 15% comprise of high income and upper middle class households. That leaves about 80% of the 10000 families in the area,that are the target market for the restaurant. * * According to a research paper (in restaurant.org), American families eat out about 4 times a week. However, considering that our target market comprises of mostly middle and lower income families, I’ve assumed that they eat out only about 2 times a week on an average. This means that, about 16000 families [(80%*10,000)*2] eat out in a week in that area in Ohio, Florida. * * In terms of

Poetry by Langston Hughes and his life as an African American - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 901 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Langston Hughes Essay Did you like this example? Langston Hughes poetry reflects his life as an African American and the time period in which he lived in.He was born in 1902, in Joplin Missouri. After his parents separated, he and his mom lived a life of poverty moving from place to place. After completing high school and attending a year at Columbia University, he worked in a series of low skill jobs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Poetry by Langston Hughes and his life as an African American" essay for you Create order He became a merchant seaman in 1923 visiting ports in West Africa and living for a time in Paris, Genoa, and Rome before coming back to the United States. He then published some poems and an essay which earned him fame. In 1929 he graduated from Lincoln University. Hughes was a central figure in the Harlem Renaissance. He was a talented author in many areas including: fiction, drama, translation, criticism, opera libretti, memoir, cinema, songwriting, and poetry. He was also enthusiastic about African American culture and wrote down folklore and poetry.The 1920s was a time period called the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was the development of the primarily African American Harlem neighborhood in New York City where black culture and the social and artistic boom happened. It is considered a golden age in African American culture, resulting in literature, music, stage performance and art. The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place mainly du ring the 1950s and 1960s. Blacks wanted to gain equal rights under the law in the United States. The civil war abolished slavery but it didnt end discrimination and segregation against African Americans. Blacks continued to endure the devastating effects of racism, especially in the South. In the mid-20th century, African Americans were fedup of the prejudice and violence against them. Blacks along with many whites, mobilized and began an unprecedented fight for equality that spanned two decades.Langston Hughes Mother to Son poem reflects his life as an African American and the time period in which he lived. In this poem, a mother uses the metaphor of life being like a set of steps. This poem uses symbols like tacks, splinters, uncarpeted floor and dark, unlit corners to refer to hardships, challenges, and darkness in life. She tells her son that life is difficult but just as you walk up a set of stairs, you have to keep moving in life, keep going forward and upward. She tells him not to go back down even if climbing the stairs is difficult. She confesses that she is still climbing, still going up the steps, even though her life is still filled with hardships and problems. The mother has an inner strength which gives her perseverance and allows her to keep going against all odds.This poem also touches on the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. The poem talks about the painful history of African Americans. The poem is comparing a staircase to the many hardships in life. His poem has obvious tone of hopelessness, perseverance, and sadness. Langston is talking about a mother talking to her son and all young people suggesting they keep persevering when its hard too. Most African Americans during this time could relate to Hughess poems. They lived in these hard times, encountered these struggles he talked about. They felt Hughes frustration. His words were affirming, challenging, and political. They spoke to all those trying to live up to his advice and reach for their dreams. Hughes showed that wisdom was passed down through generations when writing about the mother telling her son to never give up, even though times were difficult and hard. Wisdom is learned through experience and influences ones decisions to continue in the face of hardships.The poem I, Too by Langston Hughes reflects his life as an African American and the racism and unequal treatment of African Americans in the time period he lived in. He wrote this poem from the eyes of a black servant. He begins by saying that he too can sing America, meaning that he is claiming his personal right to feel patriotic towards his country, even though he is the darker brother who cannot sit at the table and must eat in the kitchen. This implies to the common prac tice of racial segregation during the early 20th century, when African Americans faced discrimination in almost every way of their lives. They were forced to live, work, eat and travel separately from whites. They had few civil or legal rights. They were often victims of racial violence, and faced economic isolation in both the North and the South.He then claims that tomorrow he will join the others at the table and no one will dare send him back to the kitchen. Not only that, but the people will see how beautiful he is, even though he is black and will therefore feel ashamed of how they were treating him. This states the hope that African Americans have for tomorrow meaning the future. Poetry by Langston Hughes reflects his life as an African American and the time period in which he lived in. He condemned racism and injustice and promoted equality and celebrated african american culture. Langston Hughes accomplished many things in his life. He was a poet, novelist, playwright, columnist, social activist and more. His writings influenced people and helped shape american literature. He played an important role in many peoples lives. People could relate to his writings especially African Americans.

The Hidden Truth About People That Write Papers for You

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Eulogy On Bob Marley Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Eulogy On Bob Marley Essay, Research Paper Hello everyone I am here today to pay testimonial to a great vocalist, political figure and individual, Bob Marley. I would wish to thank everyone here for giving me the chance to talk about such a fantastic individual. In the words of Bob himself ; Life is one large route with tonss of marks. So when you re siting through the ruts, Don t perplex your head. Flee from hatred, Mischief and green-eyed monster. Don t burry your ideas, set your vision to world. Wake up and unrecorded! Robert Nesta Marley was born in a rural parish of St. Ann in northern Jamaica at 2:30 in the forenoon of February 6th 1945. At the age of three Bob was reported to hold physic powers. He read the custodies of several of the people in the country uncovering surprisingly intimate cognition of their lives. At merely the age of 16 old ages old Marley cuts his first recording trade for Leslie Kong s Beverly s label. We will write a custom essay sample on Eulogy On Bob Marley Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the individual having his self-composed paths Judge Not and Make You Still Love Me. In 1963 the Wailers enchantress included Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh and Junior Braithwaite, came together and get down let go ofing a steady watercourse of records every month. Marley s Unrelenting impulse for flawlessness drove one of the members to discontinue the Wailers but this quality played a critical function in Bob s journey to self-liberation. Marley gained the name Tuff Gong, a name with roots placed in Rastafarian doctrine that connotes particular abilities and mission in like. This fits him absolutely, non merely for his exceeding musical ability, but his avidity to assist everyone around him. He ever wanted to assist and give. He showed this in his generous manner of sharing his beliefs, words and wealth. As a portion of Bob Marley s spiritual duty of Rastafarianism it was non merely a manner of life for him, but it was a path to black salvation in a barbarous white controlled societ y. His vocals were non merely for people to listen to, the lyrics had a meaning of peace, freedom, it showed his love and expressed the horrors of the world around him. In the summer of 1969 Marley and his wife Rita, visited his mother in Delaware where he prophesized to a couple of his friends that he would die at the age of 36. Two days before one of his concerts there was an attempt on his life, a bullet grazed Marley in the chest and hit his arm, while his manager Don Taylor received most of the shots in his upper body. While playing soccer he suffered a toe injury and refused to have it looked because of his intense Rastafarian beliefs. Finally after agreeing to see a doctor because of the infection that had formed in his foot, the doctor found melanoma cancer cells in his foot. He then made three powerful speeches about recognizing Rasta as God Almighty, Legalizing ganja and uniting humanity for a common purpose. Those three speeches were recognized as some of the strongest of his life. At one of his concerts he called Prime minister Manley and his political enemy Edward Seaga onstage and made them shake hands. For his actions that night and his extemporary devotion to world unity and the struggle against oppression, Bob receives the United Nations Peace Medal. One day while jogging in central park Marley Collapses, the doctors tell him the Melanoma cancer has spread to his lungs and brain and that he has only weeks to live. Despite his condition he plays his final concert in Pittsburgh. After doctors give up on the treatment of Bob. He turns to an ex S.S. Nazi doctor who kept Marley alive for several more months. In anticipation of his death he flies to Miami to be with his mother. He died on the morning of May 11th 1981. Bringing accurateness to his prophecy of only living to the age of 36. Bob Marley was a great person, musician and political figure he deserves every respect that we can pay him and his enormous accomplishments.

Bernstein and Beethoven

Bernstein and Beethoven Free Online Research Papers A product of his times.that seems like such a clichà © way of telling a story – but, yes! A product of The Age of Enlightenment, Beethoven was all about some revolution. Through his free and fierce nature, he wrenched music out of the 18th century and into the next Stravinsky would do the same thing a century later. What Beethoven did makes him if not the last of the Classicists then arguably the first of the Romantics. His adventures in disregarding 18th-century structure, requirements and protocol marked his music and his daily life, and in both areas he achieved a virtually complete freedom of expression. He was like Elvis Presley of the symphonyonly he never wiggled his crotch on Ed Sullivan. The idea of the authority of a composer and that his word was considered definitive were some of the common thoughts during that age. The creative mind was respected, with the composer an object of reverence. This was the Romantic view. Mozart and Haydn were definitely influences on Beethovens work. Beethovens â€Å"Quintet for piano and winds† is said to bear a resemblance to Mozart and his version, only he Beethovened it up. He also explored new directions and gradually expanded the scope of his work. Some important pieces from the man are the First and Second symphonies, the first two piano concertos, and the famous Pathetique sonata. Sources show Beethovens disdain for authority, and for social rank (whats cool about this is how Bernstein captures that exact topic in West Side Story – at least I thought that was pretty cool). He stopped performing at the piano and called a bitch out if the audience chatted amongst themselves, or afforded him less than their full attention. At parties, he refused to perform if suddenly called upon to do so. Eventually, after many confrontations, the Archduke Rudolph decreed that the usual rules of court etiquette did not apply to Beethoven. He was a rebel just like The Jets. Many later composers of the Romantic period and beyond were influenced specifically by Beethovens Ninth Symphony. The famous choral finale is Beethovens musical representation of Universal Brotherhood. Wagner completed a piano arrangement of Beethovens 9th symphony, an important theme in the finale of Johannes Brahms Symphony #1 is related to the Ode to Joy or â€Å"Ode to Freedom† or any eventual â€Å"Ode tofill in the blank† theme. Bernstein had a pretty exuberant conducting style. He actually had a pretty â€Å"fuck you all who dont like it† kinda style. I like this man very much. He strayed far from classic conducting techniques, using his whole body to get the best out of his orchestra, and had evident fun doing so. Exploring his output, one finds the famous and obscure works that both are reflective of their times and somehow preserve and encapsulate them. Bernstein also used the podium as a way to popularize the music he loved. In 1958, he began a series of televised Young Peoples Concerts that brought symphonic music into the homes of Americans. He was like â€Å"Check this shit out, kids!† But now lets move on to some West Side Story! In West Side Story the sung text is crucial to the telling of the story. When the music is conveying certain emotions there can only be language left to really hit it home to the listener. The lyrical beauty in love ballads, the language of the characters in songs by street gangs and ethnic characters and the poetry of the lyrics truly help to take the music a step further. Bernstein was very effective in bringing modern society and the 20th century to stories and musical themes that were familiar or previously explored. He added his own flair to classical pieces as well as giving a modern twist to age old tales for the current times. As far as the â€Å"hope dies last† and â€Å"despair does not rule† ideology – I think the ideas presented in West Side Story and Beethovens 9th are similar in the fact that they deal with brotherhood of man. The end of West Side Story touches on the idea that the two different cultures are going to work as brothers from now on and not enemies, Beethovens entire purpose of his symphony is to promote that idea of a coming together peacefully. When Beethoven premiered his symphony in Vienna he received five ovations. At that time, it was customary that the Imperial couple be greeted with three ovations when they entered the hall. The fact that five ovations were received by a private person who was not even employed by the state, and moreover, was a musician, was in itself considered almost indecent. Police agents present at the concert had to break off this spontaneous explosion of ovations. This certainly tells of the class that musicians were put into at the time and how private people were looked at. It makes the ideas Beethoven was presenting all the more controversial and liberal. If I were Beethovenand could hearI would have been like â€Å"Please, please! Lets have at least one more round of applause for the Imperial couplethen we can return to me!!!† I would have been blackballed. Bernstein tackled quite the liberal idea of brotherhood in his musical. He addressed issues including rebellion from authority, troubled youth, poverty and racism. Juvenile delinquency is seen as an ailment of society: No one wants a fella with a social disease! It certainly was teeming with American ideas toward immigrants. At the time nothing like this show had ever been produced with its raucous dance numbers and brutal subject matter. I would imagine that if, in the end, you feel the urge for Tony and Maria to be together – the idea that love can transcend all racial boundaries may even affect people that let themselves sit through shows about gay relationships as well. I think shows like West Side Story pave the way for further exploration of topics concerning tolerance and acceptance. If he were alive today I am sure that Lenny would bust it out with some amazing gay story like that since he was definitely no stranger to some boys in his life. Gotta love him! The idea of these pieces being program music made me sit on the fence for a moment. But, although there may not be text for the audience to read in West Side Story to some of the instrumental moments, I do think that those moments tell a story. When The Jets are dancing to the familiar theme of their song – the music definitely represents what is going on and the feeling that is being conveyed without the lyrics. Beethovens 9th was primarily instrumental until the final movement, so I would say that his piece could count if there were program notes given to the audience to explain the earlier movements. It is like the way Vivaldis Four Seasons captures the idea of each of the times of year or the way Berliozs Symphonie Fantastique captures the idea of killing the one you love and burning in hell for it, the music in Beethovens symphony and West Side Story – respectively capture a feeling or an idea. They certainly perform the same function that film scores do now â⠂¬â€œ they pull emotions out of you while you are listening to the story and make you feel it on a much deeper level than words alone could ever do. The bottom line for me is that they both definitely tell a story and are conveying a message to the audience. I think that lends them the right to be called program music. Both men certainly use their music to convey a variety of emotions and help to really move their message and ideas forward. Beethoven utilized cyclical structure in his symphony to link the movements thematically. Bernstein did the same with his characters and events – you would hear lilting music with the themes of â€Å"Somewhere† or â€Å"Maria† when the two lovers were thinking of each other, within close parameters of one another or holding each other. The Jets and the fighting scenes were underscored by the themes that were featured in â€Å"The Jet Song† and â€Å"Dance at the Gym† similar themes can be heard in both compositions and are identifiable with those characters. Beethoven incorporated a Turkish march in his final movement to represent a military aspect and war, I believe he was talking about what the present held and then moves onto the idea with voices soaring – that all men can be brothers. It is very much like the end o f West Side Story. Bernstein uses frenetic percussion and latin styles to create his mambo theme and the energetic â€Å"America† has a mexican cha-cha-cha feel to it like a mariachi song. He uses themes like Beethoven does in his movements to tie his musical theme together. Bernstein assigns musical themes to characters the way Beethoven returns to them in each of his movements. Like I said earlier – The Jets have similar themes when they are causing a scene – even when they are harassing Anita in the store the music is very disjointed and has elements of the musical themes underscoring their rumble with The Sharks and their other songs as well. Bernstein uses immediate and quick tempo with strings and clashing percussion in â€Å"Tonight (Ensemble)† that sounds foreboding – its almost like the strings in â€Å"Jaws† and there are maracas shaking as well to help illustrate who they are referring to (The Sharks). When Tony and Maria begin to sing, the strings become soft and soaring and feel hopeful. They really soar when Maria begins to sing her part – then immediately they are loud and frenzied when The Jets begin their parts again. When Tony sings â€Å"Somethings Coming† the strings are excited yet soft as he begins to talk about this amazingly great feeling he has. Beethoven really uses strings and brass to produce this feeling of duty almost, at least thats what I hear when the brass gets loud and the strings come under softly and then begin to crescendo before the brass takes over. It sounds very regal and then gets frenetic like The Jets songs. But that is only how it begins. That â€Å"Bah-Bah-Bah-Dum!† that occurs with the brass gives me the idea of duty to your country, military men standing at attention and those sort of ideas. Its like the loyalty the gangs feel to one another and their â€Å"war† in West Side Story. Beethoven and his â€Å"Bah-Bah-Bahs† that happen later tend to ease up a lot – the â€Å"Bah-Dum!† is replaced by another quick â€Å"Bah† instead. Im totally explaining this like I should be fingerpainting and writing this in crayon. The strings get nice and quiet and soothing towards the end – before the chorus busts it down. The chorus starts out kind of sounding stern t o me. Then when the women join it isnt so â€Å"military† like. It begins to take on a happier tone. Then its just all sorts of amazing and breathtaking. The strings get sweet and low (no pun intended) and then the voices come in much quieter and begin to slowly crescendo and its like â€Å"Heeey! Whats up, now? Go on witcha baaad self!† The part I think is awesome is when the voices start singing in the style that reminds me of the English madrigal – its like â€Å"Fair Phyllis† and it is a complete surprise when it just happens out of nowhere – there are the sweeping moments, the regal sounding moments and then suddenly there is the overlapping texture. He creates this feeling of many emotions happening with the differing dynamics much like Bernstein creates so many emotions with the texture of overlapping in â€Å"Tonight (Ensemble)† and his amazing rhythms. To decide which composition is more artistically powerful – I immediately think of Leonard Bernstein and his West Side Story. Not only because the end made me cry like a little bitch, but because there are so many themes and rhythms being explored to tell this age old story that is just as relevant today as it was then and in times before and it will continue to be relevant I am sure of that. It is a lot more distinct to me to see what Lenny was doing with his story, characters, moods and emotions than it was for me to pick things out of Beethovens 9th. West Side Story affected me more on an emotional level. I can identify with the â€Å"love that is not accepted by the majority† theme – and holy shit did I ever have to keep myself from sobbing at the end. I kept saying â€Å"Its not real! Natalie Wood isnt even Puerto Rican! Shes Russian for Christs sake!† I was literally saying these things in my head so I wouldnt bawl my eyes out when she started to s ing â€Å"Somewhere† without accompaniment (which by the way is another way that Lenny used just a single voice to make the audience feel stripped and vulnerable – and it worked – well!). I am just simply in love with Bernsteins music in West Side Story. Research Papers on Bernstein and BeethovenHip-Hop is ArtThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMind TravelMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductQuebec and CanadaThe Spring and AutumnHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

What Is a Vacuole Understanding the 4 Main Functions

What Is a Vacuole Understanding the 4 Main Functions SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What is a vacuole and what does it do? A vacuole is a structure found in animal, plant, bacteria, protist, and fungi cells. It’s one of the largest organelles found in cells, and it’s shaped like a large sac. Vacuoles have a simple structure: they are surrounded by a thin membrane and filled with fluid and any molecules they take in. They look similar to vesicles, another organelle, because both are membrane-bound sacs, but vacuoles are significantly larger than vesicles and are formed when multiple vesicles fuse together. The 4 Main Vacuole Functions What does the vacuole do? The main function of vacuoles is to hold various substances and molecules; they basically act like the storage unit of the cell. Below are some key vacuole functions, many of which relate to storing materials that the cell will need later on or which can damage the cell and therefore need to be removed: Remove and store waste produced during autophagy (when part of the cell is broken down due to age or damage) Remove and store harmful foreign products so they don’t damage the cell Store water Store nutrients such as lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates However, the precise functions of a vacuole depend on the type of cell it’s in. In the following sections, we go over additional functions vacuoles can have, based on whether they’re located in animal, plant/fungi, bacteria, or protist cells. Structure and Function of Vacuoles in Animal Cells Vacuoles in animal cells mostly store substances; they aren’t needed as much for breaking down substances because lysosomes, another organelle in animal cells, do that. Animal cell vacuoles are typically small, and each cell can contain multiple vacuoles. Vacuoles can store different substances depending on the type of cell they are in. For example, in fat cells, vacuoles will often store large amounts of lipids. Vacuoles in animal cells also help with the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis. Endocytosis is when substances that can’t passively move through the cell membrane are actively transported into the cell. These substances can include anything from nutrients to toxins to cell debris. Exocytosis is the opposite; it’s the process of actively moving molecules out of a cell. During these processes, the vacuole is where the substances are stored or broken down before/after they are moved into/out of the cell. Structure and Function of Vacuoles in Plant and Fungi Cells Unlike animal cells, plant cells typically contain only one vacuole per cell (often referred to as a â€Å"central vacuole†), and the vacuole they contain is much larger than those in animal cells. Plant cell central vacuoles take up an enormous percentage of the cell, sometimes over 90% of cell space, although 30-50% is more common. Surrounding the vacuoles in mature plant cells is an additional thin membrane called a tonoplast. The tonoplast helps the vacuole hold its structure so that the vacuole can retain its shape. Vacuoles in plant and fungi cells perform very similar functions, however; fungi cell vacuoles are typically much smaller than plant cell vacuoles, and each fungi cell can contain more than one vacuole (similar to animal cells). Vacuoles in plant and fungi cells perform more functions than vacuoles in other types of cells; they’re a critical part of keeping the plant/fungi alive and healthy. Because fungi and plant cells don’t contain lysosomes, vacuoles in these cells also break down more materials than they do in animal cells. In addition to the functions listed in the previous section, vacuoles in plant and fungi cells also: Maintain proper pH: The vacuole keeps the cytoplasm in the cell acidic so that enzymes can break down different molecules. The vacuole lowers pH by moving protons from the cell cytosol into the vacuole. Store water: The vacuole can use proton motive force, a chemical gradient used to move materials in an out of the cell, to store water which allows the plant to survive longer in periods of drought. Maintain turgor pressure: Turgor pressure is the pressure of the main area of the cell against the cell wall. It’s one of the ways plants and trees avoid being limp and grow tall and strong. Think of fresh, crisp salad greens vs. limp ones. The former have high turgor pressure. Tonoplasts in vacuoles control turgor pressure by maintaining a particular balance of ions, which causes the vacuole to swell against the cell wall. Adjust size of the cell: Because vacuoles in plant cells can be so large, they are a key part in determining how large or small a certain plant cell is, which can in turn affect the size of different parts of the plant. In this image, you can see how much larger the vacuole (large blue structure) is in a plant cell compared to an animal cell. Source: Wikipedia commons Structure and Function of Vacuoles in Bacteria Cells Not all types of bacteria have cells that contain vacuoles, but for those that do, they are mostly used for storage. Vacuoles are especially large in some species of sulfur bacteria; in these bacteria the vacuoles can take up as much space or more as vacuoles in plant cells do, up to 98% percent of the cell’s area. These vacuoles are often used to store nitrate ions for later use by the cell. Some cyanobacteria also have vacuoles that are permeable to gases. Gases can be moved into or out of the vacuole which gives the bacteria a way to control their buoyancy. Structure and Function of Vacuoles in Protist Cells Protists contain a specific type of vacuole called a contractile vacuole. Instead of being used for storage, this vacuole regulates the amount of water in a cell (known as â€Å"osmoregulation†). Protists that live in freshwater can take too much water into their cells, causing them to rupture. The contractile vacuole prevents this by contracting and expelling water from the cell. Some protists have one contractile vacuole per cell, others have multiple. In flagellates such as Euglena, the contractile vacuole remains stationary within the cell, but in Amoeba, it changes position based on the protist’s movements. In Amoeba, contractile vacuoles also collect waste produced by the cell. Summary: Vacuole Definition A vacuole is an organelle that is found in many types of cells, including animal, plant, fungi, bacteria, and protist cells. The main vacuole function is to store substances, typically either waste or harmful substances, or useful substances the cell will need later on. Vacuoles are most important in plant cells, where they have additional functions, such as maintaining the proper pH and turgor pressure the plant needs to thrive. What's Next? Now you know about vacuoles, but what about the rest of the cell? The cell theory is a key biological concept you'll need to know,and you can learn all about it in our in-depth guide to cell theory. Are there other science topics you want to review? Then you're in luck!Our guides will teach you loads of useful topics, includinghow to convert Celsius to Fahrenheitandwhat the density of water is. What are the most important science classes to take in high school?Check out our guide to learn all the high school classes you should be taking.

The Ancient Egyptians' Wall Painting Techniques Research Paper

The Ancient Egyptians' Wall Painting Techniques - Research Paper Example The research paper studies the changes in the techniques of the ancient Egyptian wall paintings. Several individuals sometimes argue that the ancient Egyptian civilization endured without necessarily undergoing much change for a period of over three thousand years. This claim is partially true because the Egyptian lifestyle changes considerably over a period. Art and craft in the ancient Egypt is far from what people understand today to be art and craft. What is referred to as the Egyptian Art was created originally for magical and religious purposes. The functions and symbols of this art reveal the beliefs of the Egyptians about the world and their effort to comprehend and relate to it. In the religious and social context of Egypt, the works of Art played a practical role whose direct physicality is not easy or simple for the modern viewer to recognize. Most of the basics of Egyptian art were established or created at the beginning of the history of Egyptians and changed little afte r that. Most of the subject matter portrayed by this art remained unchanging over several years creating a mistaken notion or a misconception that the Egyptian art remained the same virtually or similar for a period of three thousand years. Therefore the only reason that would have necessitated a fundamental change in the depictions of Egyptian artists would be an alteration in the purpose of Egyptian art. This article will discuss how the ancient Egyptians' wall painting techniques changed through time from the Old Kingdom to the New Kingdom. The paper will further outline the significances of the paintings and why the Egyptians used that technique to paint the wall. The ancient Egyptian civilization having much stability necessitated that the artistic conventions remain the same or similar for most of the Egyptian art history. However, a closer examination at various art works depicts differences in style showing those of the old, middle, and new kingdom with differences. Art was all round or surrounded entirely the ancient Egyptians. Starting from every temple and public building art down to the pharaohs and their families and ministers’ tombs, the message spreading being that of the God King and his position or place in maintaining order in the world. Starting with the earliest history, the art of the pre dynastic was popular from the funeral offerings. This art was consisted largely of the painted figurines and pottery, cosmetic palettes, carvings, and finely worked weapons (flint weapons). In painting, the monumental treatment was granted to designs such as those drawn in red on buff-colored pottery. The monopolistic figures depicting the gods curved from limestone come up towards the end of the pre dynastic period. The old kingdom period that followed the pre dynastic period or era had the reliefs and wall paintings reflecting the concept of art that served the gods of cult, the dead, and the kings. The traditional poses were combined with the id ealistic features in the royal statuary. The statuary depicted the royalty as physically strong having softened features like touch of realism in some instances. Wall spaces found in the temples and tombs started using paintings and reliefs to depict or show the daily activities in estates, workshops, and homes. The paintings and reliefs were at times executed to indicate or show the activities of birds, animals, and working groups. The raised or sunken paintings and reliefs were proportioned well and composed with extreme or fine details particularly the Saqqara tombs. El Aaal Et all (5) while analyzing the paints argues that the polychromatic decorations of the